By Daniel V. Schroeder
This article seems to be at thermodynamics and statistical mechanics. half I introduces thoughts of thermodynamics and statistical mechanics from a unified view. elements II and III discover extra functions of classical thermodynamics and statistical mechanics. all through, the emphasis is on real-world purposes.
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Additional resources for An Introduction to Thermal Physics
Example text
29) 88jL", = 0 (a (2[3 i' (3). 13) is simple in the sense that the partial pressure p", and the chemical jL", of constituent a depend only on their own density (2",-and on T, of course. 26h. 32) ",=1 so that the free energy density (2[el - Ts] is a sum of functions of which each one depends only on one density. 26) this same summational character then holds for (2S and, hence, for (2eI, namely, v (2S = L ",=1 v (2",s",((2"" T), (21':1 = L (2",1':",((2"" T). 33) 0:=1 Clearly s",((2"" T) and 1':",((2"" T) must be interpreted as the specific entropy and internal energy of the constituent a.
10) t(ij) = 2 / l - where the phenomenological coefficients Lab through I:ab La ] [ Lb >. 11) CHAPTER 3. 9) are generalizations of the traditional laws of Fourier and Fick according to which the heat flux and the diffusion flux depend on the gradients of temperature and concentrations, respectively, but not on both. TIP permits the temperature gradient to influence the diffusion fluxes and concentration gradients to influence the heat flux; both effects are indeed observed, and they are called thermo-diffusion effect and diffusion-thermo effect, respectively.
CHAPTER 2. 2). in the form t/'j) " +2t/k(,8Vj)] 8Xk t/ [( {! U + 8{G'jk-2v(,t/j)k) 8Xk = S <'j>. t/j)k and S<'j> must also be Galilean tensors, if Galilean invariance of the balance law is required. 9). 10)4 . Once again, the first line is a Galilean vector. Therefore, Galilean invariance of the balance requires that Gpp'k 2t/k,jVj - t/••kV. - t/k,V 2 - t/kIVIV. and Spp, - 2S