By Eric C. Dahlberg
Within the first version of this booklet, we saw that it have been created to fill a necessity for a usable "self-contained quantity on hydrodynamics" (and hydrogeology) that used to be written in particular for the petroleum undefined, yet serve the earth technological know-how group quite often. whilst the 1st variation was once released (1982), M. ok. Hubbert, the daddy of petroleum hydrodynamics, was once forthcoming the ultimate levels of his very effective profession. as a result, the publication served as a motor vehicle to enlarge his strategies and unfold and stimulate functions of a few of his theories and techniques through the exploration sectors of the petroleum undefined. This used to be comprehensive by means of mixing discussions of Hubbert's ideas with many of the strategies utilized by experts to reply to useful oil and fuel questions. the easy target of the booklet was once to carry this fabric to the fingertips of operating geologists and geophysicists, who have been "evaluating the hydrocarbon probabilities in higher exploration areas or assessing the possibility of small, neighborhood subsurface oil and gasoline customers. " It used to be additionally was hoping that via treating parts of conceptual overlap among petroleum geology and floor water hydrology, employees in either disciplines will be introduced into nearer touch, leading to mutual merits received via fit clinical and technical interplay. This is still our aim within the moment version, even though it has turn into obvious that extra fabric is required to satisfactorily in achieving it. the dimensions of this quantity displays the recent material.
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Arrows show flow direction. " 'f '\ '( @20. ~ 48 The Potentiometric Surface NORTH DAKOTA NEBRASKA Figure 4-9. S. ) 4-8. If this water potential low is really "closed" and not a creation of the contouring procedure, it might be explained as a density-related low caused by more saline waters, a region of increased pressure attributable to osmosis, an area of vertical interformational migration or one of fluid destruction possibly by conversion to another physical or chemical form. The important aspect is not specifically what is happening to the water but rather what is the relationship of the potentiometric low on the map to the local accumulations of oil and gas.
These theoretical models, largely formalized by Hubbert, ultimately suggest that, if potential gradients can be mapped geographically, the paths followed by oil and gas phases can be predicted and this information integrated into exploration for hydrocarbons. Vector Models and Hydrocarbon-Water Interfaces As observed earlier, an implication of the vector models is that, within the same hydrodynamic environment in a subsurface reservoir unit, globules of oil and gas will move in different directions in response to potential gradients (rather than pressure gradients).
Cross-sectional model showing potentiometric surface approximation reflecting local permeability change. 'I. CARIONATERU'COMN HYDRAULIC HEAD " IfllT AlOVI DATUM) t": "::" :' I [=:l CJ LEGEND g ;- s::... 00- (=i' r:; (0 s ~ fro o '"d 0--3 g- 01:>- 0) Figure 4-7. Regional potentiometric surface reflecting flow patterns in the Upper Devonian of Western Canada. ) Arrows show flow direction. IOCIII CLOIIO NYOilAULIC-NIAO LOW o 100 IIILO 100 lILT IIVOIlAUUC IllAOC nIT AIOYI OATUIII OUTCRO' . . &0 IAITIIIII 11_ _ CW DlITUlliIO ~ 1500 ~ LEGEND i ;,c i ~ ~ ~ ~ e.