By Dennis F. Vanderwerf
From the early floor and polished prism aspects of glass lighthouse Fresnel lenses to trendy microreplicated versatile Fresnel lenses for sunlight concentrators, new purposes of prismatic optical parts for mild keep an eye on are continually being constructed. additionally, techniques using unmarried and compound prismatic and reflective optical elements are rising within the fields of metrology, polarization regulate, projection structures, illumination, and reveal lighting fixtures, between others. state of the art multilayer optical coatings have enabled novel prism and reflector geometries to be constructed for particular capabilities. The suggestions and examples awarded during this booklet should still supply an exceptional heritage to research, evaluation, and comprehend prismatic and reflector functions defined within the literature. the fabric during this booklet may possibly motivate readers themselves to create novel and necessary units using prismatic and reflective optical components.
Contents
- Preface - advent and historical past - common Prisms and Reflectors - Polarization houses of Prisms and Reflectors - really good Prism forms - Prism and replicate method layout, research, and Fabrication - a variety of Prism purposes - Projection monitors - Microprismatic Arrays - Fresnel Lenses - Afterword - Index
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Additional info for Applied Prismatic and Reflective Optics
Sample text
18 (a) A 90-deg beam-deviating prism, perspective view. (b) A 90-deg beamdeviating prism, design parameters. 86) where 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 . 0 1 Then, K x45 = 1, Ky45 = 0, Kz45 = 0, and the ray is deviated 90 deg in the +x direction. The fourth-order determinant |S| = +1, and therefore, the image is readable. Alternatively, since the two planar refracting surfaces do not change the readability of a viewed image, it could be directly inferred that the even number of mirrors in this prism will produce a readable image.
A multispectral ray enters surface AB at angle of incidence I1 , is refracted at angle I1 , undergoes TIR at surface BC at angle of incidence I2 and angle of reflection I2 , and is refracted at surface AC at angle of incidence I3 and angle of refraction I3 . The resulting deviation angle δ(λ) is calculated from the following ray-trace equations: sin I1 , nλ I2 = 90 deg − I1 = I2 , I3 = I2 − 30 deg, I3 = arcsin(nλ sin I3 ), δ(λ) = 60 deg + I1 − I3 . 3 Abbe dispersing prism with 60-deg constant deviation.
7 shows sample parameters for a Littrow 30/60/90-deg reflecting prism. For a direct-view system, the image is erect, readable, and deviated 60 deg. If the prism of Fig. 16 is split through the apex angle, and the face AC opposite the hypotenuse AB is coated with a very high-reflectance (>99%) multilayer dielectric coating, we obtain a Littrow laser-dispersion prism, as shown in Fig. 18. If a ray is incident on face AB at the Brewster’s angle, and the vertex angle α = 90 deg − I1Brew , then the ray is retroreflected.