By Anubha Kaushik
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The reserves of metals and the technical know-how to extract them have been the key elements in determining the economy and political power of nations. Out of the various metals, those used in maximum quantity are iron and steel (740 million metric tons annually) followed by manganese, copper, chromium, aluminium and nickel. 3. 2. A. , CIS Leaded gasoline, Car batteries, paints, ammunition Manganese South Africa, CIS, Brazil, Gabon For making high strength, heat-resistant steel alloys Platinum group South Africa, CIS Use in automobiles, catalytic converters, electronics, medical uses.
Iv) Resource utilization as per carrying capacity: Any system can sustain a limited number of organisms on a long-term basis which is known as its carrying capacity. In case of human 34 BASICS OF ENVIRONMENT AND ECOLOGY beings, the carrying capacity concept becomes all the more complex. It is because unlike other animals, human beings, not only need food to live, but need so many other things to maintain the quality of life. Sustainability of a system depends largely upon the carrying capacity of the system.
Antarctic glacier contains approximately 85% of all the world’s ice. About 10% is made by greenland ice-sheet and arctic ice. Rest 5% is in the form of snow on mountain peaks. 59% of the total water resources is in the form of groundwater and it is about 35–50 times that of surface water supplies. Till some time back groundwater was considered to be very pure. However, of late, even groundwater aquifers have been found to be contaminated by leachates from sanitary landfills etc. A layer of sediment or rock that is highly permeable and contains water is called an aquifer.