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Columns of ore up to 244 m high will become accessible on the eastern side from the 7225 level (Rech et al 2000). 15 shows a typical isometric section of the recent configuration of the operating section of the mine on the 7700 or 2347 m level. 4 m centres. 5 m centres. From the undercut drifts, rings of both short and long holes are drilled on 2 m centres to mine the undercut and the drawbells simultaneously. Panels are 8 to 12 production drifts (244 to 366 m) in width. 16 shows a plan view of the drawpoint and production drift layout used on the extraction level located 17 m below the undercut level.

Details of the meaning and implications of post-undercutting and related terms are given in Chapter 5). 6 m on 30 m centres. 6 m in 1998 (Jofre et al 2000). 11 for the Teniente Sub 6 level. The conventional or post-undercutting sequence used until recently exposed the pre-constructed extraction level to high levels of abutment stress as the undercut advanced overhead. This resulted in damage to the extraction level pillars and, in some instances, in severe rock bursts associated with the high horizontal stresses and local geological features (Moyano and Vienne 1993, Rojas et al 2000a).

They are generally of igneous origin but may also result from sedimentary processes. They are commonly associated with metalliferous orebodies and have been found to have important influences on orebody caveability and fragmentation. They may be weaker or stronger than the wall rock of the joint or fissure and should be taken into account in rock mass characterisation schemes (eg. Laubscher and Jakubec 2000). For example, at the El Teniente mine, Chile, the stronger primary ore contains large numbers of veins or filled joints.

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