By Debaprasad Das
An replacement to Copper-Based Interconnect Technology
With a rise favorite for extra circuit elements on a unmarried chip, there's a growing to be desire for nanoelectronic units and their interconnects (a actual connecting medium made from skinny steel motion pictures among numerous electric nodes in a semiconducting chip that transmit indications from one aspect to a different with none distortion). Carbon Nanotube and Graphene Nanoribbon Interconnects explores new vital carbon nanomaterials, carbon nanotube (CNT) and graphene nanoribbon (GNR), and compares them with that of copper-based interconnects. those nanomaterials express nearly 1,000 instances extra current-carrying skill and considerably larger suggest loose direction than copper. as a result of their amazing homes, CNT and GNR may possibly quickly change conventional copper interconnects. devoted to proving their merits, this e-book covers the elemental thought of CNT and GNR, and gives a accomplished research of the CNT- and GNR-based VLSI interconnects at nanometric dimensions.
Explore the capability purposes of CNT and Graphene for VLSI Circuits
The booklet begins with a quick creation of carbon nanomaterials, discusses the most recent learn, and information the modeling and research of CNT and GNR interconnects. It additionally describes undefined, thermal, and mechanical homes, and structural habit of those fabrics. additionally, it chronicles the development of those primary houses, explores attainable engineering purposes and development applied sciences, and considers functions for CNT and GNR except their use in VLSI circuits.
Comprising 8 chapters this text:
- Covers the fundamentals of carbon nanotube and graphene nanoribbon
- Discusses the expansion and characterization of carbon nanotube and graphene nanoribbon
- Presents the modeling of CNT and GNR as destiny VLSI interconnects
- Examines the applicability of CNT and GNR when it comes to a number of research works
- Addresses the timing and frequency reaction of the CNT and GNR interconnects
- Explores the sign integrity research for CNT and GNR interconnects
- Models and analyzes the applicability of CNT and GNR as energy interconnects
- Considers the destiny scope of CNT and GNR
Beneficial to VLSI designers operating during this zone, Carbon Nanotube and Graphene Nanoribbon Interconnects presents a whole knowing of carbon-based fabrics and interconnect know-how, and equips the reader with adequate wisdom concerning the destiny scope of analysis and improvement for this rising topic.
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Extra info for Carbon Nanotube and Graphene Nanoribbon Interconnects
Sample text
Li and Banerjee [53] studied high-frequency effects in CNT interconnects. They developed a frequency-dependent impedance extraction method for both SWCNT- and MWCNT-based interconnects. They showed that CNTbased planar spiral inductors can achieve more than 3× higher Q factor than that of Cu-based counterparts without using any magnetic materials or Q-factor enhancement techniques. Fathi and Forouzandeh [54] performed stability analysis in CNT interconnects based on transmission line modeling and using the Nyquist stability criterion.
Depending on the orientation of carbon atoms, the edge of the graphene sheet is either armchair or zigzag. Zigzag GNR is always metallic, whereas armchair GNR can be either semiconducting or metallic depending on the number of carbon rings across the width. For interconnect applications, zigzag GNR is proposed due to its metallic property. 7 Lattice structure of graphene sheet. 30 Carbon Nanotube and Graphene Nanoribbon Interconnects Due to the high resistance of monolayer GNR, a multilayer GNR structure is proposed for the interconnects [12,13].
27] demonstrated a method to reduce the CNT interconnect sheet resistance. They showed that interconnects made with SWCNTs have lower resistance than those with MWCNTs. They achieved sheet resistance of 50 Ω/sq using CNT functionalization and alignment technique. It is also projected that the sheet resistance can further be reduced to 10 Ω/sq using their techniques. 3 Works on Modeling and Analysis of CNT- and GNR-Based Interconnects Burke [28,29] first proposed the electrical equivalent circuit model for CNT using Luttinger liquid theory.