By Elizabeth P. Cato, Erko Stackebrandt (auth.), Nigel P. Minton, David J. Clarke (eds.)
To the uninitiated, the genus Clostridium is probably going extra to be linked to illness than biotechnology. during this quantity, now we have sought to treatment this false impression through compiling aseries of chapters which, jointly, supply a practically-oriented guide of the biotechnologie capability of the genus. Clostridium is a vast grouping of organisms that jointly adopt a myriad of biocatalytic reactions. within the first chapters, the reader is brought to this variety, either taxonomically and physiologically. within the following bankruptcy, the present country of genetic research of participants of the genus is reviewed. the remainder chapters pay attention to particular, make the most capable points of person Clostridium species-highlighting their diversity of distinctive services (of power or well-known commercial value), particu larly within the parts of biotransformation, enzymology, and the construction of chemical fuels. Fittingly, the ultimate bankruptcy demonstrates that even the main poisonous of the clostridia will be of healing worth. The individuals to this quantity mirror the trans nationwide curiosity in Clostridium, and we're indebted to every of them for making this quantity attainable. We really desire to recognize the contributions, either to this quantity and to microbiology more often than not, of Dr. Elizabeth Cato, who, unfortunately, died almost immediately be fore e-book ofthis quantity. eventually, we want to affix the authors in recommending nearer and wider attention of the attributes and features of this genus.
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PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY Large-scale cultivation is done in conventional bioreactors, in most cases under an atmosphere of N 2' Clostridia will not start growing when the Eh of their environment is above approximately -150 mV (O'Brien and Morris, 1971). Therefore, it is not only necessary to free the media from oxygen; they have to be reduced. This is usually done by the addition of small amounts of sodium thioglycolate, L-cysteine, sodium sulfide, or sodium dithionate. Strains are preferentially stored as spores.
Xylan and other hemicelluloses as well as other polysaccharides serve as growth substrates for a number of clostridial species (van Gylswyk and van der Toorn, 1987). Thus, polysaccharides are an important nutritive basis for this group of microorganisms. Some of the proteolytic species are pathogenic (Table I). , 1986). Thus, specialists for protein and collagen utilization have been isolated-C. proteolyticum and C. collagenovarans-both unable to ferment single or mixtures of amino acids Uain and Zeikus, 1988).
Oligonucleotide eataloguing of 16S rRN 17 revealed that some clostridial species are more closely related to eertain non-spore formers than to otherclostridia(Chapter 1). However, the incomplete nature ofthe available data does not allow eonclusions to be drawn for the whole genus. Similarly, data obtained from gel eleetrophoretie analyses of soluble eellular proteins-useful to deteet differences or correspondenees of closely related speeies or strains-are not adequate for a reorganization of the taxonomy of the gram-positive anaerobie spore formers.