By Carlos P. Bergmann, Aisha Stumpf
This e-book provides an advent to the mechanical habit and degradation of dental ceramics and publications the reader via their functionality less than impression of oral environments. It addresses different sorts of dental ceramics, their houses, degradation and mechanical features with much less emphasys at the physics and chemistry concerned, which makes the studying attention-grabbing for novices within the box. In each one bankruptcy, the reader will find out about the mechanical habit of dental ceramics and every phenomenon excited by their program, along with discovering a few sensible examples in their use in dental clinics, their production strategies and kinds of decay. The transparent language and the application-oriented standpoint of the publication makes it compatible for either execs and scholars who are looking to know about dental ceramics.
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Extra info for Dental Ceramics: Microstructure, Properties and Degradation (Topics in Mining, Metallurgy and Materials Engineering)
Example text
P. Bergmann and A. 1007/978-3-642-38224-6_5, Ó Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2013 31 32 5 Microstructure of Ceramic Materials Fig. 1 Image by transmission electronic microscope of the sintering process involving hydroxyapatite particles Fig. 1 Formation of the Microstructure: Sintering Process 33 In the initial phase, the process of sintering involves little or no densification and shrinkage and is mainly characterized by the formation of a ‘‘neck’’ between neighboring particles and by the decrease in surface area.
2005). Acoustic Emission is also a valid technique for the inspection of ceramic materials. It consists of all manifestation of acoustic waves whose source lies within a material that is undergoing changes in its structure due to the application of mechanical stresses. When an irreversible release of energy occurs, a portion is transformed into a wave of energy that can be read by the appropriate sensors. In polycrystalline ceramic materials, subcritical crack growth is a type of acoustic emission.
1a) according to Eq. 6 (Niihara et al. 1982). Kc ¼ 0:0084 E HV 2=5 2P 1 L c1=2 where E and HV are the elastic modulus and the transition point hardness, respectively, and P, L and c are the indentation load (kg), average diagonal length (m) and crack length (m), respectively. The crack length was measured from the tip of the indentation diagonal to the end of the crack tip (Figs. 2b). 2 Tests for Determining KIC 51 Fig. % TiC material because the material specific, individual prefactor in the formula to calculate the KIC is unknown as long no bending tests have been done.