By Stig Stenholm
Offers the theoretical foundations of regular kingdom laser spectroscopy at an user-friendly point. normal foundations and particular gains of nonlinear results are summarized, laser operation and laser spectroscopy are provided, and laser box fluctuations and the results of box quantization are handled. It provides special derivations so the reader can figure out all effects. References are amassed in separate sections and shape a quick description of the heritage and easy advancements within the box
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The normalization 0 accounts for the fact that for each stimulated transition a photon is either absorbed or emitted. 47 CHAPTER 2 The Laser THE laser utilizes stimulated emission either to amplify or to generate electromagnetic waves and signals in the optical range of frequencies. Optical frequencies are in a spectral range for which the dimensions of normal physical arrangements are large compared with the free space wavelength of electromagnetic oscillations. This is in contrast to the maser.
There is, rather, a very large number of them, always together. Such a collection of a large number of micro-systems is called a macro-system. However, it is usual in physical arrangements of quantum electronics for all micro-systems which participate in stimulated transitions to be nearly identical and nearly independent of one another. We are therefore justified in applying the results for a single micro-system directly to the corresponding macro-systems. It will be assumed henceforth that the macro-system consists of a large number of identical micro-systems which are all independent of one another.
G(f)df is the probability that the transition be46 Stimulated Emission and Absorption tween states 1 and 2 will interact with a photon in the frequency interval between / and / + df. The normalization 0 accounts for the fact that for each stimulated transition a photon is either absorbed or emitted. 47 CHAPTER 2 The Laser THE laser utilizes stimulated emission either to amplify or to generate electromagnetic waves and signals in the optical range of frequencies. Optical frequencies are in a spectral range for which the dimensions of normal physical arrangements are large compared with the free space wavelength of electromagnetic oscillations.