By Z. M. Bacq and Peter Alexander (Eds.)
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Additional resources for Fundamentals of Radiobiology
Example text
Thus indirect action was claimed to play an important role if the lesion was enhanced by oxygen or could be protected against by added chemicals. Recent investigations have shown, however, that the underlying concept of these tests is incorrect, since there are many stages between the initial deposition of energy and the final chemical stage (see Chapter 5). External factors can alter the end-effect by intervening at intermediate stages other than those of the free radicals formed in water. 6 Chemical Protection The free radicals produced in water are highly reactive, and interact readily with a wide variety of different molecules.
An experimental demonstration of this is given in Fig. 1-6; the final fall off in specific ionization at the end of the track is largely due to the capture of electrons by the α-particles towards the end of their track. In this way the specific ionization is reduced because the charge of the particles is less. e. the number of ions produced along a given length of track), can be determined directly in gases by counting the clusters produced (see Fig. 1-8), but in solids and liquids it cannot be measured.
For most purposes involving x-rays and j8-rays the G value is constant over the range of energy likely to be encountered in practice. + + + IONIZATION DENSITY Effect of Velocity and Charge of Ionizing Particle Corpuscular radiations pass through matter in paths which are essentially straight for a few microns, though electron tracks become detectably bent towards the end of their tracks as a result of scattering by atoms (see Fig. 1-8). The energy dissipation of a corpuscular particle is an inverse function of its kinetic energy.