By Srdjan M. Bulatovic
Handbook of Flotation Reagents: Chemistry, conception and perform is a condensed type of the elemental wisdom of chemical reagents primary in flotation and is addressed to the researchers and plant metallurgists who hire those reagents. along with 3 specific components: 1) presents distinctive description of the chemistry utilized in mineral processing undefined; 2) describes theoretical points of the motion of flotation reagents three) presents info at the use of reagents in over a hundred working vegetation treating Cu, Cu/Zn, Cu/Pb, Zn, Pb/Zn/Ag, Cu/Ni and Ni ores. * seems on the theoretical facets of flotation reagents * Examines the sensible points of utilizing chemical reagents in working vegetation * presents instructions for researchers and engineers thinking about method layout and improvement
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Extra resources for Handbook of Flotation Reagents: Chemistry, Theory and Practice: Flotation of Sulfide Ores
Example text
From the practical point of view, difficulties still remain in selecting an efficient frother for many operating plants. This is because the ionic composition of the pulp and the presence of various ultra-fine clay minerals have a dramatic effect on the frothing properties and froth stability in the flotation pulps. Recent attempts to provide guidelines for frother selection [9] suggested that using technical concepts and extensive flotation cell experience can lead to the identification of frothers possessing a range of desirable performance characteristics.
Mixing a longer chain xanthate (amyl) with a short chain alcohol increases the volume of the froth. The froth power increases strongly when amyl xanthate is combined with an alcohol containing 7–8 carbon atoms in the hydrocarbon radical. Xanthates with a shorter chain length (ethyl) decrease the froth power for alcohols with 5 or less carbon atoms. In fatty acid flotation, certain alcohol-type frothers, such as pine oils, cresylic acid, etc. act as froth modifiers. For example, mixing tall oil fatty acid with a cyclic alcohol frother (pine oil) produces a froth that has improved loading properties and that collapses after discharge.
Sodium lauryl sulfate: Naϩ[C12H25OSO3]- 3. Cationic: The hydrophilic group is electronegative but the hydrocarbon group is part of the positive component when the compound ionizes. For example, laurylamine acetate: [C12H25NH3]ϩ[CH3COO]- 4. Non-ionic: The hydrophilic group is a covalent polar functional group that dissolves without ionization. For example, glyceryl monolaurate: C12H25COOCH2CHOHCH2OH 5. Amphoteric: The hydrophilic group is electronegative but the hydrocarbon group acquires a positive charge in solution with acid pH and a negative charge at alkaline pH.