By Michael H. Glantz
This booklet offers a evaluate of early caution platforms in operation, whereas exploring various risks together with hurricanes, warmth waves, floods, droughts, tsunami and volcanoes.--Publisher's description.
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Extra resources for Heads up! : early warning systems for climate-, water- and weather-related hazards
Sample text
Another problem occurs when a warning has been issued but the hazard fails to occur, or, on the other hand, when hazards prove challenging to predict and warn about because they are either quick onset or of varying intensities. As a result, belief in the effectiveness of early warning systems is likely to decrease. Such a reaction is, however, inappropriate. Any forecast of a potential hazard has a possibility of being incorrect (the hazard could weaken or change location, or its impacts might not be as severe as expected because appropriate actions were taken to mitigate them, among other possible reasons).
Early warning of slow-onset phenomena, such as droughts and floods, also benefits from remote sensing. For instance, the long-term monitoring of sea surface temperatures, which in turn affect large-scale atmospheric dynamics and precipitation as well as vegetation conditions, is used to assess drought and flood hazards. Remotely sensed vegetation monitoring INTRODUCTION 11 coupled with weather predictions form the basis for fire hazard warnings. Furthermore, early warning systems for climate-linked disease outbreaks, such as cholera and malaria, use remotely sensed data to infer the presence of disease-causing agents by monitoring water temperatures and nutrient concentrations, which have been found to correlate with disease outbreaks.
Where practical, these agencies are also providing assistance to indigenous groups by informing them about the future threats they will face, such as climate change, and by encouraging them to integrate appropriate technologies – not to replace but to reinforce traditional methods and customs – to mitigate the impacts of such new threats for which they could not have a cultural “memory”. g. g. ). The “G” in GIS is the unique aspect of this technology; it represents the association of geographic data that can be located on the earth’s surface (spatial data) with data that contain descriptive information about these real-world objects and events (attribute data).