By W. Y. Lau MD (CUHK), DSc (CUHK), FRCS, FACS, FRACS (Hon) (auth.), W.Y. Lau (eds.)
This is a multi-author e-book on hilar cholangiocarcinoma, written by way of a world group of world-renowned specialists overlaying issues of their respective components of workmanship. There are altogether seventy one authors from 14 countries/regions, mostly Argentina, Australia, China, Germany, Italy, Japan, Korea, Malaysia, Thailand, the Netherlands, the uk and the U.S. of the US. This ebook goals to supply an updated, absolutely referenced textual content that's as succinct as attainable, yet as finished as important, addressing all subject matters in hilar cholangiocarcinoma. It offers the newest findings within the speedily advancing box of hilar cholangiocarcinoma. arguable points are mentioned via very popular professionals who examine the matter from various views. A priceless record of references is integrated on the finish of every bankruptcy. The large use of diagrams, figures and tables makes the textual content effortless to learn. This ebook is essentially meant for clinicians and researchers who're drawn to hilar cholangiocarcinoma, together with liver surgeons, hepatologists, interventional and diagnostic radiologists, and simple researchers. normal physicians, normal surgeons, trainees, epidemiologists, medical institution directors, pathologists and device brands also will locate this booklet to be a priceless reference paintings. Editor Lau is at the moment a Professor of surgical procedure on the chinese language college of Hong Kong, and an Academician of chinese language Academy of Sciences, China.
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Extra resources for Hilar Cholangiocarcinoma
Sample text
High lifetime risk of cancer in primary sclerosing cholangitis. J Hepatol. 2009;50(1): 158–64. 40. LaRusso NF, Shneider BL, Black D, et al. Primary sclerosing cholangitis: summary of a workshop. Hepatology. 2006;44(3):746–64. 24 41. Burak K, Angulo P, Pasha TM, et al. Incidence and risk factors for cholangiocarcinoma in primary sclerosing cholangitis. Am J Gastroenterol. 2004;99(3):523–6. 42. Boberg KM, Bergquist A, Mitchell S, et al. Cholangiocarcinoma in primary sclerosing cholangitis: risk factors and clinical presentation.
2 % for women [18]. 2 Biliary-Tract Disorders Bile-Duct Cysts Bile (choledochal)-duct cysts are rare congenital disorders characterized by cystic dilatation of the extrahepatic and/or intrahepatic bile ducts. There are several types of bile-duct cysts, which include the more commonly known choledochocele (extrahepatic biliary cyst) and Caroli’s disease (intrahepatic biliary cysts) [32]. Bile-duct cysts are an established risk factor for CC. It has been postulated that the reflux of pancreatic enzymes, bile stasis, and increased concentration of intraductal bile acids contribute to the formation of malignant cells in patients with bile-duct cysts [32].
Several other hospital-based case-control studies reported no significant association between smoking and CC [17, 31, 37, 47, 53]. Smoking may be a weak risk factor for CC; but given the conflicting data, a firm conclusion cannot be made. 5 Genetic Factors Several hospital-based, case-control studies reported that polymorphisms in genes coding for enzymes responsible for metabolism of carcinogens, DNA repair, and inflammation were associated with increased as well as decreased risk of developing CC [12, 58–63].