By Mario Pescatori, Francisco Sérgio Pinheiro Regadas, Sthela Maria Murad Regadas, Andrew P. Zbar, Clive I. Bartram, Robert D. Madoff
The objective of this atlas, edited and authored through the world over revered specialists within the box, is to obviously and accurately current symptoms, suggestions, barriers, assets of blunders, and pitfalls of various imaging modalities. The textual content describes the ample, top of the range pictures that convey the conventional anorectal anatomy in addition to the pathological visual appeal of the all-too-common large-bowel and pelvic ground useful illnesses. using radiopaque markers in diagnosing colonic inertia; defecography, 3D US, and MRI in investigating obstructed defecation; 3D US and MRI in differentiating among benign and malignant anorectal neoplasms; CT and MRI in assessing pelviperineal anatomy and choosing pelvic tumors and inflammatory procedures; and 2D-3D US in opting for applicable therapy for fecal incontinence are mentioned intensive. This atlas demonstrates the worth of a group process among colorectal surgeons and radiologists for fixing complicated medical issues of the anorectum and PF.
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Example text
Factors predictive of outcome after surgery for faecal incontinence. Br J Surg 87:1316–1320 50. Starck M, Bohe M, Valentin L (2006) The extent of endosonographic anal sphincter defects after primary repair of obstetric sphincter tears increases over time and is related to anal incontinence. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 27:188–197 51. Dobben AC, Terra MP, Deutekom M et al (2007) The role of endoluminal imaging in clinical outcome of overlapping anterior anal sphincter repair in patients with fecal incontinence.
Internal anal sphincter (IAS) fragmentation following manual anal dilatation. a Remaining muscle fibers (arrows), b (circle) b CHAPTER 5 • Two- and Three-dimensional Ultrasonography of Anatomic Defects in Fecal Incontinence a 33 b Fig. 10 a, b. Anterior sphincter repair. a Mid: internal anal sphincter (IAS) defect 12 o’clock (arrow). b Mid-sagittal: distal IAS injury (arrows) References 1. Gold DM, Bartram CI, Halligan S et al (1999) Threedimensional endoanal sonography in assessing anal canal injury.
M. Murad Regadas, L. Veras Rodrigues a c b Fig. 8 a-c. Sphincter muscle defect following fistulotomy. a Mid: external anal sphincter (EAS) 5-8 o’clock (solid arrows) and internal anal sphincter (IAS) 5-9 o’clock (interrupted-line arrows); complete defects. b High: incomplete defect compromising the lateral part of the EAS 7-8 o’clock (arrows). Complete IAS defect 2-9 o’clock (interrupted-line arrows). c Sagittal and diagonal planes: complete damage to the posterior IAS (upper interrupted line).