By Debabrata Mukherjee, Leslie Cho, David J. Moliterno
This common overview query publication is geared to interventional cardiology board applicants both for preliminary certification or recertification. It includes 900 questions within the comparable percentage because the genuine examination to make sure hugely exact, high-yield instruction. solutions with short factors and references are integrated. symptoms for specific procedures—a significant concentration of the board exam—are built-in during the textual content, fairly within the context of ACC/AHA guidelines.
More than 250 angiograms and different illustrations make stronger key recommendations. Separate chapters hide ACC/AHA instructions for percutaneous coronary intervention, power reliable angina, acute coronary syndromes, and ST-elevation myocardial infarction. A bankruptcy on test-taking can be included.
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Additional info for Interventional Cardiology: 900 Questions: An Interventional Cardiology Board Review
Sample text
In recent years, the scope and complexity of interventional procedures has expanded greatly. Although it is true that refinements to imaging systems have reduced x-ray exposure rates, the greater duration of therapeutic procedures has actually increased the potential for radiation exposure to patients and operators. The x-ray exposure rates for fluoroscopy are typically 15 to 20 times lower than those used for diagnostic (‘‘cine’’ mode) acquisitions. Nevertheless, during interventional procedures, most x-ray exposure to patients and operators comes from fluoroscopy.
A) (B) (C) (D) Platelets Lymphocytes and macrophages α-Actin positive smooth muscle cells Neutrophils a high dose of paclitaxel. Panel B is from an artery stented with polymer alone. How did this high dose of paclitaxel influence the healing response? 2 How does arterial injury caused by angioplasty differ from injury due to drug-eluting stent (DES) placement? (A) Negative remodeling may be a major factor in DES-related healing (B) DESs abolish the early phases of platelet activation and inflammatory cytokine increases (C) Polymer coating of the stent limits migration of smooth muscle cells (D) Both neointimal hyperplasia and negative remodeling play major roles in the long-term healing response to balloon angioplasty 3 All of the following may contribute to arterial injury and inflammation, except: (A) Stent coating with selected polymers/drugs (B) Increased stent strut thickness and specific geometric factors (C) Stent deployment with struts in contact with damaged media or lipid core (D) Stent deployment with struts in contact with fibrous plaque Circulation.
The operator should limit the beam to the chest and utilize fluoroscopy instead of cine mode acquisition whenever possible. 11 Answer A. The transfer of x-ray energy to tissues is estimated with an air-filled ionization chamber placed within the beam, inside the x-ray tube housing. The KERMA is then calculated for a point that approximates the location of the skin surface when the heart is at the isocenter. The cumulative air KERMA displayed on the monitor, in units of Gray, can be a very good substitute for skin dose, which is difficult to measure directly.