By B. Crowell
A part of the sunshine and topic sequence. This publication covers The Ray version of sunshine, photographs by way of mirrored image, photos Quantitatively, Refraction and Wave Optics.
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Additional resources for Light and Matter - book 5 - Optics
Sample text
2 Lenses Figures (a) and (b) show examples of lenses forming images. There is essentially nothing for you to learn about imaging with lenses that is truly new. You already know how to construct and use ray diagrams, and you know about real and virtual images. The concept of the focal length of a lens is the same as for a curved mirror. The equations for locating images and determining magnifications are of the same form. It’s really just a question of flexing your mental muscles on a few examples.
G. In general, the index of refraction depends on the color of the light. What effect would this have on images formed by lenses? 3* The Lensmaker’s Equation The focal length of a spherical mirror is simply r/2, but we cannot expect the focal length of a lens to be given by pure geometry, since it also depends on the index of refraction of the lens. Suppose we have a lens whose front and back surfaces are both spherical. ) Then if the lens is immersed in a medium with an index of refraction of 1, its focal length is given approximately by –1 f = (n–1) r1 ± r1 1 2 r1 r2 The radii of curvature of a lens.
There are two main types of aberration in curved mirrors, and these also occur with lenses. (1) The image may be sharp when the object is at certain distances and blurry when it is at other distances. The blurriness occurs because the rays do not all cross at exactly the same point. If we know in advance the distance of the objects with which the mirror or lens will be used, then we can optimize the shape of the optical surface to make in-focus images in that situation. For instance, a spherical mirror will produce a perfect image of an object that is at the center of the sphere, because each ray is reflected directly onto the radius along which it was emitted.