By Fernando Silveira
Low energy Analog CMOS for Cardiac Pacemakers proposes new strategies for the relief of strength intake in analog built-in circuits. Our major instance is the pacemaker feel channel, that's consultant of a broader classification of biomedical circuits aimed toward qualitatively detecting organic signs.
The first and moment chapters are an academic presentation on implantable clinical units and pacemakers from the circuit dressmaker viewpoint. this is often illustrated through the necessities and options utilized in our implementation of an commercial IC for pacemakers. There from, the e-book discusses the capability for relief of energy intake at 3 degrees: base know-how, power-oriented analytical synthesis systems and circuit structure.
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Additional resources for Low Power Analog CMOS for Cardiac Pacemakers: Design and Optimization in Bulk and SOI Technologies
Sample text
The CL capacitor shown at the output of the op amp represents the parasitic capacitance at this node, which is increased due to the connection of off-chip components at this node. The total loading requirements on the op amp are discussed below when the op amp specifications are considered. I"v"----11----~--j Do -0bO .. b5 Figure 2-6. Basic sense channel amplifier I filter architecture. From [SIL021], © 2002 IEEE. Chapter 2 34 The actual circuit is completed with clamping diodes and serial switches, not shown, required to isolate the circuit from the stimulation pulses.
5 of reference [ST0892], it is shown that the threshold of detection is controlled by using the variable gain of the amplifier/filter, whose gain is selectable through a capacitor array. This and another reference to the use of correlated double sampling techniques seems to imply that the sense stage is based on switched capacitor techniques. 7V. The third and fourth papers ([NOV99] and [NOVOl]) present the design of an output stage. Regarding conference proceedings, presentations have recently come from Italian groups, mainly related to the University of Padova and the pacemaker company Medico ([LENOI], [GEROll], [GEROO], [GER012], [BASOl]).
On one hand, the dependence of the frequency response on the amplifier's fT is reduced. On the other hand, an external way of adjusting the low-pass cut-off frequency is available. This external adjustment is particularly interesting to adjust the frequency response for both the atrial and ventricular channels, while applying the same operational amplifier (hence, the same fT) in both cases. 1 External components and amplifier specifications From the architecture of Figure 2-6, the requirements on its basic components, amplifier and comparator, as well as the values of external components can be derived.