By Paul Fleisher
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Additional info for Matter and Energy: Principles of Matter and Thermodynamics (Secrets of the Universe)
Example text
When the energy runs out, the machine stops. The same rule is true for living things. Plants get the power they need to live and grow from the sun’s energy. Without that energy supply, plants will die. They cannot produce their own energy. Animals must eat food to supply themselves with energy for life. They too will die if their energy supply runs out. Energy can neither be created nor destroyed. So the energy of any system, machine, or creature must balance out in the end. No energy can be lost or gained.
He was playing a type of solitaire with the deck when 55 Biographies of Scientists studied law, but he loved science and displayed great talent and energy for research. Recognized as one of the major founders of modern chemistry, Lavoisier was also a dedicated social reformer. As a scientist, he developed a theory of combustion, established a system for naming chemical compounds, and contributed to the law of conservation of matter. As a social activist, he studied ways to improve French agriculture, water quality, public education, and welfare.
Although all these elements were found after the periodic law was discovered, they fit nicely into the pattern that Mendeleyev found. The current periodic table is shown on the next two pages. It includes 115 elements. They all follow Mendeleyev’s periodic law. ** 89 90 91 92 93 59 60 61 62 76 106 107 108 94 Iri di um 75 Eu ro pi um m Os m iu m Rh od iu m 44 109 M eit ne riu m 58 iu Te ch ne tiu m Ru th en iu m Co ba lt Iro n M an ga ne se 26 Am er ici um Ha ss iu m 57 ar 105 74 43 m 104 42 25 Sa 73 Rh en ium 41 24 Pl ut on iu m Bo hr iu m 40 Ch ro m iu m Va na di um 39 Mo lyb de nu m Tit an iu m m 38 Tu ng ste n Ni ob iu m Zi rc on iu m iu 23 Sc an di um ss 22 Ne pt un iu m Se ab or giu m ** Ta nta lum see below 72 Pra seo dy mi um Ne od ym ium Pr om eth ium * Ha fn iu m Yt tri um ta 21 Ca lci um Po 20 Ur an iu m * Du bn iu m 88 see below Pr ota cti niu m 56 Ru the rfo rdi um 55 Ce riu m um 37 Th or iu m di 19 La nth an um Ba riu m 87 Ra di um bi 12 M ag ne siu m So di um 11 St ro nt iu m Ru Be ry lliu m Li th iu m 3 Ac tin iu m Ce siu m 32 Fr an ciu m Matter and Energy Hy dr og en 1 4 27 45 77 63 95 98 67 99 68 69 100 101 70 53 85 86 116 71 102 103 n Kr yp to n Br om in e 35 no Xe 84 Su lfu r Ch lo rin e Ar go n Ph os ph or us Ox yg en Flu Ne on 15 16 17 18 e Ni tro ge n 14 in Ca rb on 13 or Bo ro n 9 Ra do n 52 Io di ne Se len iu m 34 Un un oc tiu m 114 Te llu riu m Ar se ni c Si lic on Al um in um 8 As ta tin e 83 Po lo ni um 51 Lu te tiu m Un un he xiu m An tim on y Ge rm an ium 33 Yt te rb iu m m 82 Bi sm ut h Tin 50 ul iu 112 Le ad 81 Th Un un qu ad ium Ga lliu m 49 Er bi um In di um Zi nc 48 32 7 La wr en ciu m 66 Th all iu m y Ca dm iu m 47 6 Me nd ele viu m No be liu m m M er cu r 80 Ho lm iu m um bi un 31 Fe rm iu m 97 siu 65 Un 111 ro 79 sp 30 Co pp er Ni ck el 46 Dy Si lve r Pa lla di um 29 Ein ste ini um 96 Go ld Pl at in um 28 Ca lifo rn ium 64 Un un un ium 110 Te rb iu m Un un nil ium 78 Be rk eli um Ga do lin iu m 5 118 Mendeleyev’s Periodic Law Cu riu m He liu m 2 10 36 54 33 C E HAPTER 4 very time we lift an The First object, move it, push it, or carry it, we are doing work.