By Donald E. Hall
Muscular Christianity used to be a massive spiritual, literary, and social stream of the mid-nineteenth century. This quantity attracts on fresh advancements in cultural and gender thought to bare shut hyperlinks among the ideology of the move and the paintings of novelists and essayists, together with Kingsley, Emerson, Dickens and Pater. all through this publication, which additionally contributes to the severe debate at the physique as a domain for socio-political clash, Muscular Christianity is proven to be on the center of problems with gender, category, and nationwide identification within the Victorian age.
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Additional info for Muscular Christianity: Embodying the Victorian Age
Sample text
B. Monsell on a new Anglican hymnary, 28 David Rosen Kingsley argued that the line "Sacred heart of Jesus, heart of God in man" should be "Heart of man in God," asserting that the union of man and God transpired "not by conversion of the Godhead to flesh, but by the taking of manhood into God" [Letters n 327). Kingsley had come to believe that, through the incarnation, humanity had achieved divinity. "I have to preach the divineness of the whole manhood, and am content to be called a Muscular Christian, or any other impertinent name," he writes to Maurice in 1857 (Letters 11 54).
Built in an immense variety of stunted and crooked shapes, as though every house put out a sign of the kind of people who might be expected to be born in it" (Hard Times 70; cf. Kingsley, Alton Locke 369). Throughout the period, the notion of an informing power of will, pressing the character into The volcano and the cathedral 31 action, impressing itself on the objective world, structures notions of the individual. As Samuel Smiles writes: "[EJnergy of will may be defined to be the very central power of character in a man - in a word, it is the man himself (quoted in Houghton, 117).
The inmost confidences of men and women alike in all classes of life" [Letters 1 261). The term "effeminate," in contrast, implied for Kingsley and others the corruption of a manly trait. Again in Yeast, he writes of the cultural process by which men became "effeminate": "at first, your ideal man is an angel. " (282). Because, in Kingsley's view, human notions of the spiritual derived from God working through The volcano and the cathedral 33 nature, all models of spiritual perfection had earthly prototypes.