By Spencer G. Lucas, Giuseppe Cassinis, Joerg W. Schneider
Throughout the Permian, the one supercontinent Pangaea stretched from pole to pole. Early Permian glacial deposits are present in southern Gondwana. alongside the sutures of Pangaea, mountain levels towered over tremendous tropical lowlands. inside parts incorporated dry deserts the place dune sands collected. Gypsum and halite beds rfile the evaporation of sizzling, shallow seas that shaped the main large salt deposits identified within the geological checklist. The Permian interval (251 to 299 Ma) encompasses 9 a long time (stages) prepared into 3 epochs (series). many of the Permian marine timescale has been outlined via international stratotype sections and issues for the level barriers. This quantity provides new info in regards to the biostratigraphy and biochronology of the non-marine Permian and offers a foundation for temporally ordering Permian geological and biotic historical past on land, and correlating that background to occasions within the marine realm.
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Extra info for Non-Marine Permian Biostratigraphy and Biochronology - Special Publication No. 265 (Geological Society Special Publication)
Sample text
The earlier magnetostratigraphic correlation of Westphal et al. (1998) is shown in the lower right. U-Pb radiometric ages (Kamo et al. 2003) for the igneous rocks are approximately in the stratigraphic positions indicated by Kamo et al. U-Pb dates determined for the Permian-Triassic boundary are on the right (Bowring et al. 1998; Mundil et al. 2004). Siberian magnetostratigraphy credits are listed in Figure 2. Normal (reversed) polarity is black (white); unsampled section indicated by diagonal lines.
2). The oldest normal polarity observed is in the Wordian. 'Word N' occurs in the Queen Formation (possibly also in the Grayburg Formation) of the Texas-New Mexico section, in the Russian Transcausian section, and in the North American Wyoming Goose Egg Formation; all three sections clearly exhibit a relatively short duration interval of normal polarity. Therefore, the oldest normal polarity lies very low in the Middle Permian, approximately in the middle to upper part of the Wordian Stage. This interval constitutes the earliest normal polarity of the geomagnetic field and terminates the ~ 50 million years of constant polarity of the Carboniferous and Early Permian Kiaman Reversed Polarity Superchron.
Eastward in the dominantly terrestrial strata, no indication of a physical break can be found between the Goose Egg and overlying Triassic Red Peak formations, and the Permian-Triassic boundary cannot be identified in this area, in either surface exposures or subsurface data. In fact, a thesis was aimed specifically at locating the Permian-Triassic boundary in these strata, by measuring gamma ray stratigraphy on outcrop and correlating the results with the gamma ray logs of subsurface wells (Renner 1988; Renner & Boyd 1988).