By Dr. Christoph Hartnig, Dr. Christina Roth
Polymer electrolyte membrane gasoline cells (PEMFCs) and direct methanol gasoline cells (DMFCs) know-how are promising kinds of low-temperature electrochemical strength conversion applied sciences that function on hydrogen and methanol respectively. that includes excessive electric potency and occasional operational emissions, they've got attracted severe world wide commercialization learn and improvement efforts. those R&D efforts comprise an important force in the direction of enhancing fabrics functionality, gasoline mobilephone operation and sturdiness. In situ characterization is key to bettering functionality and lengthening operational lifetime via supplying details essential to know the way gasoline mobilephone fabrics practice less than operational loads.This quantity set experiences the basics, functionality, and in situ characterization of PEMFCs and DMFCs. quantity 1 covers the basic technology and engineering of those low temperature gas cells, targeting knowing and enhancing functionality and operation. half one stories platforms basics, starting from fuels and gas processing, to the advance of membrane and catalyst fabrics and know-how, and gasoline diffusion media and flowfields, in addition to existence cycle points and modeling techniques. half info functionality matters correct to gas phone operation and sturdiness, comparable to catalyst getting older, fabrics degradation and sturdiness checking out, and is going directly to evaluation complex delivery simulation methods, degradation modeling and experimental tracking concepts.
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Extra info for Polymer electrolyte membrane and direct methanol fuel cell technology: Volume 1: Fundamentals and performance of low temperature fuel cells
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Indb 37 09/02/12 7:58 PM 38 PEM and DMFC technology sulfonic acid groups on side-chains grafted onto the polymer backbone. 51 have developed series of poly(arylene ether) pendant or comb-type copolymers for post-sulfonation, and have compared the influence of a range of main chain components including perfluorophenylene units and nitrile groups on water uptake and proton conductivity (Fig. 8). In this figure, Nafion® is defined as having a relative proton conductivity and water uptake of 1. While some of the poly(arylene ether) copolymers having similar water uptake present a proton conductivity up to 60% lower, and some of similar proton conductivity have water uptake up to 80% higher, poly(arylene ether nitrile) and poly(arylene ether) incorporating fully fluorinated biphenyl units have higher proton conductivity and lower water uptake than Nafion under the conditions of measurement.
Funding supporting the NPL from the UK National Measurement System’s Chemical and Biological Metrology Programme is also gratefully acknowledged. 10 References Baschuk J and Li X, ‘Carbon monoxide poisoning of proton exchange membrane fuel cells’, International Journal of Energy Research, 2001, 25, 695–715. , 1995, 42, 109–127. Bolhar-Nordenkampf M, Friedl A, Koss U and Tork T, ‘Modelling selective H2S absorption and desorption in an aqueous MDEA-solution using a rate-based non-equilibrium approach’, Chemical Engineering and Processing, 2004, 43, 701–715.
The transformation of data from scattering and diffraction techniques into structural models is a intricate and not always unambiguous40 and microscopic investigations are increasingly useful in providing direct visualisation of domain sizes and membrane morphologies, albeit with the constraints inherent to these techniques of sample dimension and sample environment (transmission electron microscopy) or limitations to observation of sample surface (atomic force microscopy). 42 Nafion® and other PFSAs are dispersions of colloidal polymer gel particles43 (and not true solutions) in low boiling alcohols/water, and the morphology and properties of films formed by solvent removal from such dispersions differ greatly from those of the more crystalline form produced by extrusion.