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By HUGH COOLICAN, JULIA RUSSELL, ALAN CLAMP, DR ROB MCILVEEN RICHARD GROSS

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Nc'''' ............ (LOP) model Rehearsal and the multi-store model As noted above (see page 22), the multi-store model sees rehearsal as a key control process which helps to transfer information from STM to LTM. Some psychologists have challenged the role of rehearsal in the multi-store model. at a superficial (or shallow) level, the surface features of a stimulus (such as whether the word is in small or capital letters ) are processed; Craik and Watkins asked participants to remember only certain 'critical' words (those beginning with a particular letter) from lists presented either rapidly or slowly.

So, deep or semantic information would be of little use if the memory test involved learning a list of words and later selecting those that rhymed with the stored words, whilst shallow rhyme information would be very relevant. The prediction was supported. Section Summary Ebbinghaus began the systematic study of memory, using nonsense syllables. He showed that memory declined very rapidly at first, then levelled off. Other techniques for measuring memory include recognition, recall (serial or free), memory-span procedure, and paired associates recall.

Behaviourists also advocate the law of parsimony and the use of operational definitions. Psychology's aim is to predict and control behaviour. Tolman's cognitive behaviourism and social learning theory represent modifications of 'orthodox' learning (conditioning) theory and have made huge contributions in their own right. Methodological behaviourism has influenced the practice of scientific psychology in general. Other practical contributions include behaviour therapy and modification, biofeedback and teaching machines / programmed learning.

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