By Prof Kenneth Thompson
Emile Durkheim is thought of as a ''founding father'' of sociology, and is studied in all uncomplicated sociology classes. this useful textbook is a key selection of translations from Durkheim's significant works.
Read Online or Download Readings from Emile Durkheim PDF
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Extra info for Readings from Emile Durkheim
Sample text
At the same time and above all, individual psychology taught us that the individual’s consciousness very often merely reflects the underlying state of the organism and that the current of our representations is determined by causes of which the subject is unaware. It was then natural to extend this conception to collective psychology. But we are not able to perceive what part the sad class conflict which we are presently witnessing could have played in the elaboration or the development of this idea.
It participates in the authority that the latter exercises over individual consciousnesses, and it is from the collective consciousness that it derives its power. But, once this power is established, without becoming independent of the source from which it flows and from which it continues to draw sustenance, it becomes an autonomous factor in social life, capable of spontaneous actions not determined by outside forces, precisely as a result of its acquired supremacy. However, since it is only a derivative of the force immanent in the collective consciousness, it therefore has the same properties and reactions, even when the collective consciousness does not react completely in unison.
In this respect, it is sufficient to compare the worker with the farm labourer. It is well known that the former is much more intelligent, despite the mechanical nature of the tasks which he often has to perform. […] By showing what the division of labour is composed of, this is sufficient to make clear that it could not be otherwise. It entails the sharing out of functions that were previously held in common. But this sharing cannot be performed according to a preconceived plan. It is impossible to know in advance where the demarcation line between tasks will occur when they become divided, for it is not clearly evident in the nature of things, but rather depends on a variety of circumstances.