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Download Revelation: From Metaphor to Analogy, 2nd edition by Richard Swinburne PDF

By Richard Swinburne

The nice religions frequently declare that their books or creeds comprise truths printed through God. How may possibly we all know that they do? within the moment variation of Revelation, popular thinker of faith Richard Swinburne addresses this important query. yet because the books of significant religions usually include a lot poetry and parable, Swinburne starts through investigating how everlasting fact will be conveyed in surprising genres, via analogy and metaphor, inside of fake presuppositions approximately technology and heritage. within the ultimate a part of the booklet, Swinburne then applies the result of elements I and II to assessing the proof that the instructing of the Christian Church constitutes a revelation from God. during his philosophical exploration, Swinburne considers how the church which Jesus based is to be pointed out at the present time and provides a sustained dialogue of which passages within the Bible could be understood actually and which might be understood metaphorically. this can be a fuller and fully rewritten moment version of Revelation, the main outstanding new characteristic of that's an extended bankruptcy studying no matter if conventional Christian claims approximately own morality (divorce, homosexuality, abortion, etc.) may be considered as published truths. a proper appendix indicates how the constitution of facts helping the Christian revelation should be articulated by way of the chance calculus (and exhibits that Plantinga's famous argument from "dwindling possibilities" opposed to probabilistic arguments of this type isn't cogent).

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Additional info for Revelation: From Metaphor to Analogy, 2nd edition

Example text

To take off one’s hat or keep silence as a funeral procession passes is to show respect to the dead. If a group of soldiers run up the flag of their country on an unoccupied piece of land, they thereby (performatively) declare the land to belong to their country. And so on. But different societies may understand conventions differently. Even something as primitive as shaking your head horizontally can mean ‘no’ in some societies, and, I believe, ‘yes’ in others. Our society, however, has relatively few symbolic actions with recognized significance.

Red’ does not have any synonyms, but it has plenty of contraries—‘blue’, ‘green’, etc. Any use of ‘red’ is the use of a determinate of ‘coloured’; and its own determinates are such terms as ‘light red’, ‘medium red’, and ‘dark red’. But the fact that two speakers both acknowledge these syntactic criteria for the use of ‘red’ is not sufficient to ensure that they mean the same by ‘This is red’. For one speaker may have a very wide understanding of ‘red’, so as to include many objects as ‘red’ which another speaker would call ‘scarlet’ or ‘orange’, while the first speaker might only use the latter words of a very narrow class of objects in which there is not the slightest tinge of red.

Whether a sentence is a well-formed declarative sentence and so expresses a proposition, and what that proposition is, are a matter of whether there are publicly agreed criteria for what makes it true and what those criteria are. , the sentence in question. The existence of agreement on the truth-conditions of ‘Once upon a time, before there were humans, the Earth was covered by sea’ is shown by the fact that everyone says that it entails ‘If there were humans as long as two million years ago, then the Earth was covered by sea more than two million years ago’; and that the sentence would be verified conclusively if a non-human observer could have hovered above the Earth before there were humans and seen it covered by sea, and would be confirmed if in all parts of the Earth were found remains of sea-living creatures dated (by geological criteria) from a certain period of history, and no human remains dated from as early a period.

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