By D. Denton, M. McKinley, E. Tarjan, R. Weisinger (auth.), R. Rettig, D. Ganten, F. C. Luft (eds.)
Controversy in regards to the knowledge of a excessive salt consumption has been with us for 5000 years. within the Nei Ching, the oldest of the extant clinical writings, the Yellow Emperor saw, "Hence, if an excessive amount of salt is within the foodstuff, the heartbeat hardens, tears make their visual appeal, and the complexion changes". At concerning the similar interval in historical past, activity requested the query, "Can that that is unsavory be eaten with no salt?" it's not obvious even if the Almighty supplied a transparent resolution. the relationship among nutritional salt consumption and high blood pressure used to be liked following the observations of AMBARD, BEAUJARD, VOLLHARD, ALLEN, and others. even if, DAHL emphasised this courting, as verified through his epidemiological observations, his reviews in human matters, and his improvement of a genetically mediated type of salt-sensitive high blood pressure in rats. DAHL and his fans argued that high blood pressure used to be a ailment of acculturation, or perhaps of self-abuse. Undaunted through skeptics akin to PICKERING, they urged that if Western guy might simply curtail his consumption of the granular condiment, high blood pressure wouldn't strengthen and blood strain wouldn't bring up with age. Bucolic local societies got as examples the place such cardiovascular bliss was once without problems attained.
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Extra resources for Salt and Hypertension: Dietary Minerals, Volume Homeostasis and Cardiovascular Regulation
Example text
We would also like to thank Prof. P. LAUGER and Dr. M. H. MONTROSE for helpful discussions. References CiTistensen 0 (1987) Mediation of cell volume regulation by Ca 2 + influx through stretch-activate channels. Nature 330:66-68 Dellasega M, Grantham 11 (1973) Regulation of renal tubule cell volume in hypotonic media. Am J PhysioI224:1288-1294 Eveloff JL, Warnock DG (1987) Activation of ion transport systems during cell volume regulation. Am J PhysioI2S2:F1-FlO 32 J. Ubi, H. -A. Kolb Fabiato A, Fabiato F (1979) Calculator programs for computing the composition of the solutions containing multiple metals and ligands used for experiments in skinned muscle cells.
News Physiol Sci 1:185-189 Spring KR, Ericson AC (1982) Epithelial cell volume modulation and regulation. J Membr Bioi 69:167-176 Ubi J, Murer H, Kolb HA (1988) Ion channels activated by osmotic and mechanical stress in membranes of opossum kidney cells. Biophys J 53:57a Cellular Mechanisms Na+ and K+ Transport in Human and Rat Erythrocytes: Features Complicating the Interpretation of Data 1. DUHM As in any other cell type, the steady-state concentration of Na + and K+ within erythrocytes results from the dynamic equilibrium of inward and outward movements of the ions across the cell membrane .
Duhm Transport Systems as Distinguished by Energetic Aspects The various Na+ and K+ transport systems of the red cell membrane can be devided into three categories (STEIN 1986; and Table 2). Primary active transport systems such as the Na+-K+ pump serve as gradient generators. The transport occurs against an electrochemical gradient and is directly coupled to splitting of the y-phosphate bond of ATP. The so-called secondary active transport systems can also generate gradients, or they modulate preexisting gradients.