By Dr. Gregory J. Cizek, Michael B. Bunch
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Additional info for Standard Setting: A Guide to Establishing and Evaluating Performance Standards on Tests
Sample text
Another definition of standard setting that highlights the conceptual nature of the endeavor has been suggested by Kane (1994b). According to Kane, “It is useful to draw a distinction between the passing score, defined as a point on the score scale, and the performance standard, defined as the minimally adequate level of performance for some purpose. . The performance standard is the conceptual version of the desired level of competence, and the passing score is the operational version” (p. 426, emphasis in original).
In this case, the amount budgeted is $0. Of course, the same budgetary decision to allocate $0 might have been reached after considering how much to allocate to subsistence needs and consideration of other priorities, values, resources, and so on. qxd 10/23/2006 6:09 PM Page 20 20——Fundamentals of Standard Setting because of any other rationale, is not necessarily germane. The decision is clearly within the family’s purview; we do not intend here to make a claim about whether the decision was morally or otherwise right or wrong.
Thus, in our education example, we will define a false positive classification as occurring when a student was incorrectly identified as needing the extra remediation when in fact he or she did not, and a false negative classification would be one that identified a student as not needing the extra help when in fact he or she did. In contrast to the medical licensure examination, a different weighing of the relative costs and consequences of the two types of errors would likely apply to the reading test context.