By Donald S. McLusky, Michael Elliott
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Additional resources for The Estuarine Ecosystem: Ecology, Threats, and Management (Oxford Biology)
Example text
Along with the physical forces of the tide, microalgae may be the main source of oxygen for the sediment surface through the process of photosynthesis. Many questions remain about what factors control microphytobenthic biomass on muddy shores. Suggestions include resuspension, nutrients, grazing, exposure, and desiccation (Underwood and Kromkamp 1999). Indeed, while only a few estimates of the contribution of microphytobenthos production to total estuarine production are available, statements about the importance of microphytobenthic activity in such systems are common.
5 times greater than the mean biomass, and emphasizes that production is a much more important measure of the transfer of energy within an ecosystem than is the biomass. The P : B of estuarine animals from temperate areas may vary from less than 1, to well over 5. The significance of this ratio is that it is a clear indication of the ecological performance of a population. Two populations may, for example, have similar biomasses, but different P : B ratios, thus the one with the high ratio will produce more organic material to be made available to predators than the one with the lower ratio.
Succinea. N. virens is larger and more voracious than the others are, but intolerant of low salinities. N. diversicolor can live in a wide range of salinities, but is apparently excluded from higher salinities by competition from N. virens. N. succinea forms an intermediate species, but may disappear completely with low temperatures. Four species of the car-worm Nephtys occur in the estuaries, namely Nephtys caeca, N. cirrosa, N. hombergi, and N. longosetosa. These species inhabit at least three separate ecological niches.