By Erle C. Donaldson
The wettability of oil reservoirs is crucial issue controlling the speed of oil restoration, delivering a profound influence on petroleum construction. The oil has elevated the examine attempt on wettability yet to this point there hasn't ever been a finished booklet at the subject. This ebook covers all of the crucial features. serious subject matters comprise center protection, impression of wettability on relative permeability, floor forces, oil traps and pore dimension influence. decoding the concepts and examples increases the potency and creation of oil restoration, translating to more advantageous reservoir simulations and more desirable good creation.
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13 Effects of Wettability on Electrical Properties 47 Table 1-4 Parameters used for calculation of the formation resistivity factor (F) for different types of matrices. 45/(~ Consolidated sandstones F = 0. 33 wet cores of carbonate rocks that had been treated with acid. 9. 5 at brine saturation greater than 35% where continuous pathways for brine were established through the core; however, at water saturations less than 35%, the values of n changed rapidly ranging from 8-12 because of oil blocking the pathways of brine.
4 Effects of Viscosity The water/oil viscosity ratio (&/p0) has an influence on relative peremeability curves which has the same appearance of the effects of wettability. A high p w / p o is accompanied by a high relative permeability curve and WBT at a relatively high water saturation, similar to the behavior of a water-wet system. If the pw/po is low, WBT will occur early and production will continue with a high water/oil producing ratio and water fingering will occur ahead of the water/oil displacement front which is the behavior of an oil-wet system.
When this occurs, the USBM wettability index, I,, cannot be determined; and only the displacement-by-water ratio of the Amott wettability index can be determined. ,1997, 1999). When water is displaced to SWi the capillary pressure begins a rapid increase toward an infinite value. If the fluid pressure is relaxed at this point in a water-wet or intermediate-wet system, the core will imbibe water as the capillary pressure declines to zero because of a decrease of the surface free energy. As imbibition takes place, the wetting phase saturation increases from SWi to S , (the point at which the imbibition pressure is equal to zero).