By Martin Kelleher
Bleaching has been scientifically confirmed to be uncomplicated, secure and powerful. It has revolutionised dentistry. whilst used sensibly this non-destructive method has enabled many sufferers to profit considerably at very low organic probability and moderate monetary price. Inside/outside bleaching has dramatically lowered the destruction of the teeth as a result of the location of submit crowns in already broken teeth.
Contents
1. Chemistry and safeguard of dental bleaching
2. Nightguard important bleaching
3. administration of discoloured lifeless anterior teeth
4. Bleaching of enamel suffering from particular conditions
5. Chair-side bleaching
6. over-the-counter bleaching products
7. commonly asked questions
8. details for patients
9. problems and contraindications
Read Online or Download Dental Bleaching (Quintessentials of Dental Practice, Volume 38; Operative Dentistry, Volume 6) PDF
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Additional resources for Dental Bleaching (Quintessentials of Dental Practice, Volume 38; Operative Dentistry, Volume 6)
Sample text
INNATE IMMUNITY Microbes penetrating the physical barriers of the body (Fig. 2) pass across epithelial surfaces (mainly mucosal) to enter the tissue. Prior to entry, microbes encounter a hostile environment created by complex resident microbiota that serve to exclude extrinsic microorganisms (including pathogens) and a barrage of secretions from the epithelial and other cells. These include antimicrobial proteins (at most epithelial surfaces), enzymes (mouth, skin, and stomach), low pH (stomach), and mucus.
LPS consists of three major domains: a lipid A portion of the molecule, which is anchored in the outer membrane, and the core polysaccharide and O side chains, which extend from the cell into the surroundings (Fig. 3). The structure of General Microbiology Lipid A Core Polysaccharide 9 O - Side Chain FIGURE 3 Schematic diagram of a typical LPS molecule of gram-negative bacteria. f3 LPS varies considerably among gram-negative bacteria, as does the length of the O side chain. Some bacteria have “rough” LPS, which lacks a repeating O side chain, whereas bacteria with “smooth” LPS have an O side chain consisting of a fairly large and variable number of repeating subunits of carbohydrate.
Acidification of plaque by cariogenic bacteria, such as S. mutans and lactobacilli, inhibits the growth of acid-sensitive organisms. Over time, the acid-sensitive organisms can no longer compete effectively, leading to the enrichment in cariogenic biofilms of organisms that are acid tolerant, like S. mutans and lactobacilli. Another example of an antagonistic interaction that may influence plaque ecology is the production of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) by certain streptococci. H2O2 is toxic to a number of bacteria that lack, or have low levels of, the enzymes needed to detoxify oxygen radicals.