By Janusz Kacprzyk, Slawomir Zadrozny (auth.), Ildar Batyrshin, Janusz Kacprzyk, Leonid Sheremetov, Lotfi A. Zadeh (eds.)
The fundamental target of this e-book is to give to the medical and administration groups a variety of purposes utilizing contemporary smooth Computing (SC) and Computing with phrases and Perceptions (CWP) types and methods intended to resolve a few economics and monetary difficulties which are of maximum significance. The publication starts off with a insurance of information mining instruments and strategies which may be of use and importance for fiscal and fiscal analyses and functions. particularly, fuzzy and average language established methods and recommendations for a extra human constant facing choice aid, time sequence research, forecasting, clustering, and so on. are mentioned. the second one half offers with quite a few choice making versions, really below probabilistic and fuzzy uncertainty, and their purposes in fixing a wide range of difficulties together with portfolio optimization, alternative pricing, monetary engineering, probability research and so on. the chosen examples function a place to begin or as a gap out, within the SC and CWP thoughts program to a much broader variety of difficulties in economics and finance.
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For example, the protoform of the proposition p: Monika is young is PF( p): A(B) is C, where A is abstraction of the attribute Age, B is abstraction of Monika, and C is abstraction of young. Conversely, Age is instantiation of A, Monika is instantiation of B, and young is instantiation of C. value. A few examples are shown in Fig. 10. Basically, abstraction is a means of generalization. Abstraction has levels, just as summarization does. A. Zadeh A(Monika) is young, A(B) is young, and A(B) is C, with the last abstraction resulting in the terminal protoform, or simply the protoform.
However, it does not grasp all aspects of a linguistic summary. Some attempts at devising other quality (validity) criteria have Towards Human-Consistent Data-Driven Decision Support Systems 45 been proposed by Kacprzyk and Yager [10] and Kacprzyk, Yager and Zadrożny (2001). ,5 wi =1. ,w5, is a problem in itself, and will not be dealt with here in more detail. The weights can be predefined or elicited from the user. In the case study presented later the weights are determined by using the well-known Saaty’s [34] AHP (analytical hierarchy process) approach that works well in the problem considered.
F. 1991. Principles of Semantic Networks: Explorations in the Representation of Knowledge. San Francisco: Morgan Kaufmann 9. Sowa, J. F. 1999. Ontological categories. In Shapes of Forms: From Gestalt Psychology and Phenomenology to Ontology and Mathematics, ed. L. Albertazzi, pp. 307–340. Dordrecht, The Netherlands: Kluwer. 10. McAllester, D. A. and Givan, R. 1992. Natural language syntax and first-order inference. Artificial Intelligence 56(1): 1–20 11. Macias, B. and Stephen G. Pulman. 1995. A method for controlling the production of specifications in natural language.