By John B. West
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Extra resources for Pulmonary Physiology and Pathophysiology: An Integrated, Case-Based Approach
Example text
93 2 . A healthy medical student breathing air voluntarily hyperventilates and doubles his alveolar ventilation for several minutes. 8 before and after the hyperventilation, approximately how much does his alveolar Po2 rise in mm Hg? A. 20 B. 2 5 c. 30 D. 3 5 E . 40 3 . If a climber o n the summit o f Mt. Everest (barometric pressure 247 mm Hg) maintains an alveolar Po2 of 3 7 mm Hg and is in a steady state (R not greater than 1), her alveolar Pco2 (in mm Hg) cannot be any higher than: A. 1 5 B.
For example, when a normal · subject is given a C02 mixture to breathe, prob ably less than 20% of the ventilatory response can be attributed to the peripheral chemorecep tors. However, their response is more rapid and may be useful in matching ventilation to abrupt changes in Pco2 • The peripheral chemoreceptors also respond to a fall in arterial pH. This is the main mecha nism responsible for the respiratory compensa tion in patients with metabolic acidosis, as described in relation to Figure 2-4B.
1 - 1 B), it typically falls slightly because of the stimulation of ventilation by the lactic acid. The arterial Po, usually increases slightly, altl1ough it may fair at very high work levels in elite athletes because of diffusion limi tation (see Fig. 1 -9). The arterial pH remains nearly constant in moderate exercise, but in heavy exercise it falls because of the increase in blood lactate (see Fig. 1 - l B). It is clear, there fore, that none of the mechanisms we have dis cussed so far can account for the large increase in ventilation observed in moderate exercise.