By W. T. Koiter (auth.), Prof. Dr.-Ing. E. Ramm (eds.)
Thin shells are highly regarded constructions in lots of diverse branches of engineering. There are the domes, water and cooling towers, the comprise ments in civil engineering, the strain vessels and pipes in mechanical and nuclear engineering, garage tanks and platform elements in marine and offshore engineering, the automobile our bodies within the vehicle undefined, planes, rockets and house constructions in aeronautical engineering, to say just a couple of examples of the huge spectrum of software. moreover there's the big utilized mechanics team enthusiastic about all of the computational and experimental paintings during this region. skinny shells are in a fashion optimum buildings. They play the position of·the "primadonnas" between all types of constructions. Their functionality could be striking, yet they could even be very delicate. The susceptibility to buckling is a customary instance. David Bushnell says in his contemporary assessment paper entitled "Buckling of Shells - Pitfall for DeSigners": "To the layman buckling is a mysterious, even perhaps awe inspiring phenomenon that transforms items initially imbued with symmetrical good looks into junk".
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Additional resources for Buckling of Shells: Proceedings of a State-of-the-Art Colloquium, Universität Stuttgart, Germany, May 6–7, 1982
Sample text
1) in which variables and o~erators, as defined in section 2 . 8, have been used as abbreviations. In order to increment the total potential energy we introduce three different states of deformation: o - the initial state ( ... ), incrementally neighboured to the fundamental state and reached from it by a first variation of the displacement field. Fig. 7: Different states of deformation Due to fig. 7 any displacement field shall be decomposed according to (3. 21 where ~ describes an arbitrary large displacement (see fig.
9: Family of nonlinear finite elements [14] vJ,n 46 No doubt, the elements fulfil the requirements of completeness up to the highest order (expection NACS 54). For the compatibility requirements at least c 1 -continuity is guaranteed. g. nodal forces, especially for geometrically nonlinear problems. 10) is able to perform 6 linearly inde- pendent rigid body modes for b~~O - the curved element (b~ f 0) will converge to zero-strain modes as the element length LP approaches zero. The quality of convergence, depending on the applied shell theory and its discretization, can be checked by the evaluation of eigenvalues of the element.
Often, the 1. and 2. strain tensor change their participations during a certain loading process, giving rise to surprising response phenomena. The investigation of thin shell structures, particularly with unknown response behavior, thus requires: - a precise description of their basic kinematic and dynamic equations; - a discretization, modelling the undeformed and the deformed configuration both with particular care; - numerical algorithms, stable, convergent and adequately sensible for the intended phenomena.