By Gernot Minke
Publish yr note: First released January 1st 2006
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For a few years, the fit and environment-friendly construction fabric earth, in universal use for millions of years, has been having fun with expanding recognition, together with in industrialized countries. In scorching dry and temperate weather zones, earth bargains quite a few merits over different fabrics. Its specific texture and composition additionally holds nice aesthetic appeal.
Now in a 3rd and revised variation, this guide deals a realistic systematic evaluate of the numerous makes use of of rammed earth and methods for processing it. Its houses and actual features are defined in educated and a professional detail.
The author’s presentation displays the wealthy and sundry studies won over thirty years of creating earth constructions world wide. a variety of photos of development websites and drawings express the concrete execution of earth architecture.
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Additional info for Building with Earth: Design and Technology of a Sustainable Architecture (3rd & Revised Edition)
Example text
Bending tensile strength The bending tensile strength of dry loam is of little importance for earth construction. Still, it has a certain significance when judging the quality of mud mortar and the edge rigidity of mud bricks. Bending tensile strength depends mainly on the clay content and the type of the clay minerals involved. Montmorillonite clay has a much higher bending tensile strength than Kaolinite. The lowest value investigated by Hofmann, Schembra, et. al. 7 kg/cm2, the highest with Montmorillonite clay 223 kg/cm2.
4 shows the influence of different types of clay: one series thinned with sand grains of 0 to 2 mm diameter with 90% to 95% pure Kaolinite, the other with Bentonite, consisting of 71% Montmorillonite and 16% Illite. Thinning mediums In the ceramic industry, fluid thinning mediums are used to attain higher liquidity, thereby allowing less water to be used (in order to reduce shrinkage). Typical thinning mediums are sodium waterglass (Na2O · 3-4 SiO2), Soda (Na2CO3), and humus acid and tannic acid.
The densities generally achieved vary from 500 to 1200 kg/m3. Additives In some industrialised countries, expanded clay is a low-cost and easily available additive. It has a bulk density of about 300 kg/m3, and is produced by burning loam in rotary ovens at temperatures up to 1200°C without any other additive for foaming. Foaming occurs due to the sudden heating, which causes the water of crystallisation and the pore water to evaporate, creating an expansion in the mass (similar to making pop-corn).