By Avinoam Ben-Shaul (auth.), William M. Gelbart, Avinoam Ben-Shaul, Didier Roux (eds.)
Over the final a long time, the examine of surfactants (detergents, for instance) has been profoundly replaced through principles and methods from physics, chemistry, and fabrics technological know-how. between those are: self meeting; serious phenomena, scaling, and renormalization; high-resolution scattering, and magnetic resonance spectroscopy. This ebook represents the 1st systematic account of those new advancements, supplying either a basic creation to the topic in addition to a overview of contemporary advancements. The booklet may be a really useful gizmo for the biophysist, biochemist or actual chemist operating within the box of surfactants.
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Example text
Nevertheless, one could expect that the more modest goal of evaluating the s dependence of qs is, perhaps, more feasible. We shall see, however, that even this goal involves some highly nontrivial difficulties. ) of a single amphiphile. For a monomer in solution, t = 3 is the number of translational (center of mass) degrees of freedom, r = 3 is the number of overall rotations of the molecule, and c is the number of internal or conformational degrees of freedom. Consider, for example, a simple amphiphile of the form P(CH2)n-l-CH3, with P denoting the polar head group, which for simplicity will be assumed to be structureless.
8. 42), one can easily calculate any desired characteristic of the size distribution, such as the averages (s), (s2), etc. The monomer contribution to these quantities can be included explicitly and exactly. However, for a number of reasons we prefer to completely ignore the monomer terms in the discussion of micellar growth. First, this simplifies all derivations. Second, we are explicitly interested in concentrations 30 Avinoam Ben-Shaul, William M. , X» Xl ~ Xl = constant. 37). ) We shall see below that at high concentrations s* ~ (s) ~ l/a » 1, hence XI/Xl = exp(-a) ~ exp(-l/s*) ~ 1.
Lp,o increases nearly linearly with the amphiphile chain length [30]. It should be noted that relative to XI, the sharpness of the monomermicelle transition depends entirely on m. , the concentration range characterizing the transition, depends on Xl as well. The lower is the CMC, the sharper is the transition. The dependence on m reflects the cooperativity of the transition. As m increases, the transition resembles more closely a real, first order phase transition, in which the micelles correspond to a condensed phase, and the monomers are the vapor.