Optics

Download Semiconductor and Metal Nanocrystals: Synthesis and by Victor I. Klimov PDF

By Victor I. Klimov

Concentrates on chemically synthesized nanoparticles referred to as nanocrystal semiconductor quantum dots. Discusses functions contain photovoltaic units, electroluminescent units, optical switching, optical amplification, and bio-labeling.

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The image-side numerical aperture NAimg of a microscope is equal to the object-side numerical aperture NAobj divided by the magnification, which can be as high as M = 100. This results in very small incidence angles for the rays in the image space, which can be 53 The Microscope in a Computer (a) (b) Figure 14 Comparison of the collection and refocusing geometries in photolithography and microscopy. (a) In photolithography, a de-magnified image of the mask is projected on the photoresist. 25. (b) In microscopy, a magnified image of the object is projected on the CCD by the objective-tube lens combination.

This makes the coupled-wave formulation slightly less complicated, and often the preferred method. Because of their equivalence, the coupledwave and eigenmode approaches are sometimes both referred to as the Fourier-modal method in more recent literature (Ichikawa, Masuda, & Ueda, 2009; Li, 1997; Vallius, 2002; Vallius & Turunen, 2006). 26 İlker R. Çapoğlu et al. If the permittivity profile has a rectangular cross-section as in Figure 7(b), the coupled-wave method is the simplest and fastest modal solution method (Knop, 1978; Lee & Degertekin, 2004; Moharam & Gaylord, 1986; Moharam, Grann, Pommet, & Gaylord, 1995).

This can be accomplished by reducing the wavelength λ or increasing the collection NA sin θobj. 4, specifically Figure 16). 2), it is not the diffracted orders R pq but the electromagnetic field E(x, y) that is directly available. 2). Collection algorithms based on Fourier analysis are more widely used in conjunction with differential-equation methods such as FDTD or FEM. One difficulty associated with using Fourier analysis in differential-equation methods is that the computational grids are always bounded in space.

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