By Ganne Bernard
This ebook presents a complete review of what Asian business clusters may educate us. At a time while the dynamics of the world's financial system are more and more being encouraged through advancements in Asia, the query takes on specific relevance a result of explosion of clusters and cluster rules through the area; and thanks to the good number of types that are noticeable constructing within the a variety of international locations. according to powerful empirical surveys and interviews carried out in China, Vietnam, Thailand, Malaysia and Japan, the stories gathered during this booklet have been first debated at a world workshop in Lyon. From commercial districts to poles of competitiveness, those reviews explored the transformation of conventional platforms of actions or commercial districts to new networks prepared for worldwide festival or innovation, and in addition the improvement of latest agglomerations or medical wisdom clusters. the big variety of case reviews during this assortment deals a wealthy shop of theoretical and useful classes for analysts, policy-makers and economists. The ebook may also be an invaluable advisor for graduate scholars in addition to researchers in economics, sociology and political reviews.
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But, through its strategy of clusters, which are today one of the essential instruments of the ‘Science and Technology Basic Plan’, the country intends to adjust by giving more and more space to research 8 Cf. For example: Jones, R. and T. Yokoyama (2006). ‘Upgrading Japan’s Innovation System to Sustain Economic Growth’, OECD, Economics Department Working Papers, No. qxd 5/27/2009 4:39 PM Page 17 From Industrial Districts to Poles of Competitiveness 17 compared to production. This is doubtless one of the most novel aspects of Japan’s strategy in the development of today’s poles of competitiveness.
However, in the face of growing competition especially from its Asian neighbours (China and Vietnam), this very segmented system quickly revealed its limits. It was no longer possible to sustain the competition through prices so it was necessary for the country to improve the quality of its products, to rise in the value chain and develop goods with high added value. qxd 18 5/27/2009 4:39 PM Page 18 B. Ganne and Y. Lecler Thailand and the total absence of R&D in Thai small businesses did not make the task of innovation easy, not to mention research, confined to the universities or public research centres with no connection with private firms or any real effect on the spread of knowledge.
Fujimoto Takahiro). The value production chain, when it is appropriate to join, is no longer as closed, unique and linear as before. It has fragmented and greatly diversified, with the appearance of firms which are positioned on intermediate markets like the Original Design Manufacturer enterprises (ODM) or the Original Equipment Manufacturer (OEM) and those occupying all other sorts of positions in the services. So it is possible for zones or firms to choose to specialise by positioning themselves on any point on the value chain either as parts manufacturers or as a designer, or even as a manufacturer without a brand or as being in charge of a specialised fragment, etc.