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Content:
Chapter 1 creation (pages 1–3): W.F. Bodmer
Chapter 2 Expression of Embryonic Characters via Malignant Cells (pages 4–27): Francois Jacob
Chapter three Embryonic Antigens in Malignancy and being pregnant: universal Denominators in Immune legislation (pages 28–54): Joseph H. Coggin
Chapter four The T/t?Complex: a kin of Genes Controlling Early Embryonic floor Antigens (pages 55–68): Karen Artzt
Chapter five Fetal his Tocompatibility Antigens and Maternal Immune Responses (pages 69–88): W.D. Billington and S.C. Bell
Chapter 6 How are Tumour Antigens on the topic of common Antigens? (pages 89–103): E.S. Lennox
Chapter 7 The useful value of Tumour?Associated mobilephone floor adjustments of Embryonic and Unknown starting place (pages 104–123): Reinhard Kurth
Chapter eight Host attractiveness of Fetal Antigens: Do they set off particular Antibodies? (pages 125–144): L. Brent, R. Hunt, I. V. Hutchinson, P. B. Medawar, L. Palmer and L. Welsh
Chapter nine Human Chorionic Gonadotropin as a version for a Fetal Antigen (pages 146–159): okay. D. Bagshawe
Chapter 10 Can Fetal Antigens be Used for Prophylactic Immunization? (pages 160–181): P. B. Medawar and Ruth Hunt
Chapter eleven Parity and Susceptibility to melanoma (pages 182–203): Valerie Beral
Chapter 12 Human Antigens well-known via Monoclonal Antibodies (pages 204–229): Hilary Koprowski
Chapter thirteen Antibodies to Fetal Antigens linked to Rodent Tumours (pages 230–247): R. W. Baldwin
Chapter 14 ultimate comments (pages 248–252): W. F. Bodmer

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Bodmer: In human cells? To my knowledge there is no convincing chemical transformation of human fibroblasts. Coggin: I am talking about mouse or hamster fetal cells here. There may be examples of dedifferentiation of this type in carcinogenesis, and we should be careful about defining transformational changes as not being dedifferentiation when such a process could simply involve regulatory transcriptional changes. Bodmer: ‘Dedifferentiation’ in its original sense, strictly interpreted. was returning back along the same path; surely no-one accepts that now?

So far as I know, these are the only two kinds of tissue with that highly distinctive behaviour. In that sense, one can perhaps argue that this represents a form of dedifferentiation, with metastasizing tumours regaining a functional activity that is peculiar to trophoblastic cells at a certain stage of development. Bodmer: Isn’t this a semantic question? Any tumour will potentially express, by mutation, any trait that may be of advantage to its malignant progression. One of those steps may happen to be something expressed by an earlier state of differentiation, such as the trophoblast; another may be something quite EMBRYONIC CHARACTERS AND MALIGNANCY 25 different, like immunoglobulin expression.

So one is not getting an integrated trophoblast pathway switched on. Bagshawe: 1 think that’s right. One doesn’t find placental alkaline phosphatase expression very frequently in malignant trophoblast, because it is the early trophoblastic proteins that are expressed in malignant forms of trophoblast; choriocarcinomas produce things that are normally formed mainly at the time of implantation, hCG and SP1 for example. Placental alkaline phosphatase tends to be expressed much more strongly in the second and third trimesters (Romslo et al 1975) and is rarely found in high concentration in the serum of patients with choriocarcinoma (S.

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